Peripheral artery disease experts available in the Baltimore and Washington, D.C., area
The experts in our vascular and endovascular program are recognized leaders in the treatment of the condition, also known as peripheral vascular disease (PVD). They will work with you to develop an individualized plan to manage and treat the condition so you can return to your daily activities. If you've been diagnosed or suspect you have PAD, request an appointment at one of our convenient locations in the Baltimore-Washington, D.C., area.
One in 20 Americans over age 50 has peripheral artery disease (PAD)—and it is even more common in African Americans, affecting nearly 1 in 10 over age 40. PAD occurs when a buildup of fatty deposits (plaque) leads to narrowed or hardened blood vessels. The result is reduced blood flow to your limbs, particularly the legs.
The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Practice Guidelines defines PAD by four categories:
- Asymptomatic – Peripheral artery disease can exist without any symptoms.
- Claudication – Pain in the legs of arms that occurs while walking or using the arms. Symptoms such as muscle cramping, muscular pain, or fatigue that typically occur during exercise which go away with rest.
- Critical limb ischemia – Severe stage of PAD caused by major blockages of the arteries of the legs and arms where pain persists even when a person is resting. It can also result in sores and wounds that will not heal due to the poor circulation in your limbs. Left untreated, critical limb ischemia can even lead to amputation.
- Acute limb ischemia – Sudden decrease in blood flow to the legs or arms which can affect the survival of the limb. This is a medical emergency requiring immediate medical attention.
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Risk Factors for PAD
Although some people with the disease experience symptoms, it may not be as obvious for others. Many patients don’t show any signs at all. So it’s also important to understand your risk factors.
Risk factors for PAD include:
- African American race
- Age 50 or older
- Atherosclerosis (restricted blood flow) in other parts of the body
- Diabetes
- End-stage renal disease
- Family history of PAD, heart disease or stroke
- High blood pressure
- High cholesterol
- Obesity
- Smoking
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Signs and Symptoms of PAD
Many people with PAD have no symptoms. The most common symptom is pain or cramping while walking, a condition known as claudication. Pain is not a normal part of aging. If you experience recurring leg pain, see your doctor. Other symptoms may include:
- Coldness in one leg or arm
- Discoloration of the limb
- Numbness or weakness
- Sores that will not heal
- Slower growth of fingernails or toenails
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Self-Assessment Tool
Peripheral Artery Disease may have no symptoms. However, if you experience these symptoms, you should bring them to your physician’s attention:
- Heaviness, cramping, numbness, weakness in the leg or calf muscles that occur during walking or other activities.
- Decreased ability to walk distances that you were able to accomplish in the past.
- Coldness in a leg or foot.
- Sores or wounds on your legs or feet that heal very slowly or not at all.
- Leg pain that wakes you up at night.
- Pale, black or bluish color of your legs, feet, or toes.
- Poor nail growth on your toes.
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How PAD is Diagnosed
Diagnosing PAD is the first step to developing a treatment plan. Our specialists may recommend one or more diagnostic and imaging procedures:
Ankle-Brachial Index
The ankle-brachial index test is a straightforward way to check for peripheral artery disease (PAD). It compares the blood pressure measured at the ankle with the blood pressure measured in the arm. A low ankle-brachial index number can indicate there is a narrowing or blockage of the arteries in the legs.Angiogram (Angiography)
An angiogram is a special X-ray that uses a special dye that is injected through a thin, flexible tube called a catheter to detect blockages or aneurysms in blood vessels.Arterial duplex ultrasound for arms and legs
Arterial duplex ultrasound uses Doppler and traditional ultrasound to assess blood flow in the arteries of your arms and legs.Pulse volume recording
Pulse volume recording tests are used to evaluate blood flow through the arteries in your arms or legs. -
Treatment for PAD
Your doctor will work with you to manage symptoms and stop the progression of the disease. This may include lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking and exercising, taking medication, or getting more advanced procedures such as angioplasty or surgery.
Peripheral artery disease treatments
Peripheral artery disease treatments may include lifestyle changes, medication, and minimally invasive, and surgical procedures to manage symptoms and reduce the risk of complications.Atherectomy
Atherectomy is a minimally invasive procedure used to remove plaque from blocked arteries.Limb salvage
Limb salvage is a form of treatment our vascular surgeons use as an alternative to amputation for patients with severe PAD.Walking Program for Peripheral Artery Disease (SET-PAD)
Supervised Exercise Therapy (SET) for Symptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is the use of intermittent walking exercise, which alternates periods of walking to moderate-to-maximum pain, with rest.
If you've been diagnosed or suspect you have PAD, call
410-248-8465,or request an appointment online.
Why Choose MedStar Health for PAD Treatment
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High-Volume Vascular Surgery Program
Each year thousands of patients receive both routine and complex vascular surgery treatments at MedStar Health hospitals and outpatient clinics. The MedStar Heart & Vascular Institute aortic disease program is also the largest and most experienced in the mid-Atlantic region.
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Superior Outcomes
MedStar Health vascular surgeons achieve superior outcomes in abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, carotid stenting, peripheral arterial, complex aortic, and other highly specialized procedures. We also have vascular surgeons who specialize in specific vascular conditions and are recognized leaders in their respective fields.
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Innovation and Research
MedStar Health vascular surgeons are leaders in minimally invasive endovascular techniques and are at the forefront of advancing techniques and technologies. MedStar Health vascular surgeons were the first in the world to offer venous stent thrombectomy which removes clots caught within stents and offer percutaneous transmural artery bypass which is the latest treatment for complex obstructive disease of the superficial femoral artery. They participate in numerous clinical trials for new endovascular treatment options.
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Multiple Convenient Locations
With 24 vascular surgeons in a network of 11 hospitals and 20 outpatient clinics, you will have timely access to care close to home. From cosmetic procedures to lifesaving interventions, we are here to help you.
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Team Based Approach
Our vascular surgeons embrace an interdisciplinary, collaborative approach to care. They partner with vascular medicine specialists, cardiac surgeons, interventional cardiologists, nephrologists, radiologists, and other physician specialists to provide optimal care for patients.
Dedicated and Experienced Staff
The specialists in our Vascular and Endovascular Program are known for their expertise, leadership and high-quality patient care in vascular disease.
Baltimore/Annapolis Region
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Baltimore/Annapolis Region Experts
Washington, D.C., Region
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Washington, D.C., Region Experts
Our Locations
Listen to our DocTalk Podcast:
Approximately 6.5 million people age 40 and older in the United States have peripheral artery disease (PAD), a serious condition that causes reduced blood flow to your limbs, particularly the legs. It is primarily caused by the buildup of fatty plaque in the arteries, called atherosclerosis. Dr. Jason Crowner, a vascular surgeon at MedStar Health discusses risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment for peripheral artery disease in this episode of MedStar Health DocTalk.
Dr. Crowner sees patients at MedStar Good Samaritan Hospital and MedStar Union Memorial Hospital.
For interviews with Dr. Crowner, or for more information about this podcast, contact Regional Media Relations Director, debra.schindler@medstar.net.
Facebook Live: Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) - What You Need to Know

We were LIVE with vascular surgeons Drs. Othman Malak and Kyle Reynolds, discussing risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment for peripheral artery disease (PAD).
If you've been diagnosed or suspect you have PAD, call
410-248-8465,or request an appointment online.
FAQs
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What lifestyle changes do I need to make if I have been diagnosed or have risk factors for PAD?
Exercise is important for your cardiovascular health, particularly if you have been diagnosed with PAD. Walking 30 minutes a day, 5 days a week is recommended. If you smoke, quit. Following a heart health diet to lower your cholesterol and blood pressure is also especially important.
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Is PAD a progressive disease?
PAD is a progressive disease that will worsen without treatment and lifestyle changes. For the best results, PAD should be treated in the early stages.
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Can PAD be life-threatening?
An increased risk of cardiovascular complications and death are associated with PAD. These complications may include stroke, heart attack, skin ulcers, open wounds, and leg amputation.
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How do I prevent PAD?
PAD is most commonly the result of atherosclerosis or hardening of the arteries. Following a heart healthy diet, quitting smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, reducing stress, regular exercise, and following the guidance of your medical provider, including medication recommendations, is the best way to prevent PAD.
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If I have PAD, am I at risk for heart disease?
PAD is often a sign and symptom of heart disease.
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Does PAD improve with exercise?
Exercise is important for your cardiovascular health, particularly if you have been diagnosed with PAD. Walking 30 minutes a day, 5 days a week is recommended.
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How important is drinking water if I have PAD?
Drinking water is especially important to manage PAD symptoms. It helps to improve circulation and reduces the risk of blood clots. Adults should drink 8-10 cups of water a day.
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Are there natural treatments to treat PAD?
Exercise, a heart healthy diet and quitting smoking are the best natural treatments for PAD.
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What are the first symptoms of PAD?
Claudication, pain in the leg that begins when walking and goes away with rest, is often the first symptom of PAD.
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What other medical conditions can be mistaken for PAD?
Certain connective tissue disorders, such as Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV (EDS IV), and Loeys Dietz syndrome (LDS), present with similar symptoms as PAD.
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